Turnovers are a type of pastry that has been delighting foodies and casual eaters alike for centuries. These flaky, buttery, and crispy treats come in a variety of flavors and fillings, making them a versatile and satisfying snack or dessert. But what exactly are turnovers, and how do they differ from other types of pastries?
Defining Turnovers: A Pastry Like No Other
A turnover is a type of pastry that consists of a piece of dough folded over a filling, typically made from fruits, nuts, meats, or cheeses. The dough is usually made from a mixture of flour, butter, and water, and is rolled out to a thickness of around 1/8 inch. The filling is then placed in the center of the dough, and the pastry is folded over to form a triangle or rectangle shape, sealing the filling inside. The pastry is then baked or fried until golden brown and crispy.
Turnovers can be sweet or savory, and the fillings can vary greatly depending on the region and personal preferences. Some popular sweet fillings include fruits like apples, cherries, and blueberries, while savory fillings might include meats like beef, chicken, or pork, or cheeses like cheddar, mozzarella, or feta.
The History of Turnovers: A Delicious Legacy
The origins of turnovers are unclear, but it’s believed that they date back to ancient times. In medieval Europe, turnovers were a staple food for peasants and nobility alike, filled with meat, cheese, or fruit. The pastry was often made with lard or beef fat, giving it a rich and savory flavor.
As European settlers migrated to the Americas, they brought their pastry-making traditions with them. In the United States, turnovers became a popular food at fairs and festivals, often filled with apples, cherries, or other fruits. The Amish community in particular is known for their delicious turnovers, which are often filled with sweet fillings like strawberries or blueberries.
Types of Turnovers: A World of Flavors and Fillings
Turnovers come in a wide variety of flavors and fillings, each with its own unique characteristics and ingredients. Here are a few examples:
Sweet Turnovers
- Apple turnovers: filled with tender apples, cinnamon, and sugar, these pastries are a classic dessert or snack.
- Cherry turnovers: filled with tart cherries and often topped with a crumbly streusel topping, these pastries are perfect for springtime.
- Blueberry turnovers: bursting with sweet and tangy blueberries, these pastries are a summer treat.
Savory Turnovers
- Beef turnovers: filled with seasoned ground beef, onions, and sometimes cheese, these pastries make a satisfying lunch or snack.
- Chicken turnovers: filled with tender chicken, herbs, and spices, these pastries are a great alternative to traditional chicken sandwiches.
- Spinach and feta turnovers: filled with tangy spinach and salty feta cheese, these pastries make a delicious and healthy snack.
Regional Variations: Turnovers from Around the World
Turnovers are enjoyed in many countries around the world, each with their own unique twist and ingredients. Here are a few examples:
- Empanadas (Latin America): These savory pastries are filled with meats, cheeses, and vegetables, and are often served as a snack or street food.
- Samosas (India and Pakistan): These crispy pastries are filled with spiced potatoes, peas, and onions, and are often served as a snack or appetizer.
- Strudel (Eastern Europe): These sweet pastries are filled with apples, cherries, or cheese, and are often topped with a sweet vanilla sauce.
How to Make Turnovers: A Step-by-Step Guide
Making turnovers from scratch can be a fun and rewarding experience, especially with a few simple tips and tricks. Here’s a basic recipe for apple turnovers:
Ingredients:
- 2 cups all-purpose flour
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 cup cold butter, cut into small pieces
- 1/4 cup ice-cold water
- 1/2 cup granulated sugar
- 2-3 apples, peeled and sliced
- 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon
- 1/4 teaspoon nutmeg
Instructions:
- In a large mixing bowl, combine the flour and salt.
- Add the cold butter and use a pastry blender or your fingertips to work it into the flour until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs.
- Gradually add the ice-cold water, stirring with a fork until the dough comes together in a ball.
- Wrap the dough in plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes.
- Preheat the oven to 375°F (190°C).
- Roll out the dough to a thickness of around 1/8 inch.
- In a separate bowl, mix together the sugar, cinnamon, and nutmeg.
- Place a spoonful of the apple mixture onto one half of the dough, leaving a 1/2 inch border around the edges.
- Fold the other half of the dough over the filling, pressing the edges to seal.
- Use a fork to crimp the edges and create a decorative border.
- Place the turnovers on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper and bake for 25-30 minutes, or until golden brown.
- Serve warm with a scoop of vanilla ice cream or whipped cream.
Tips and Tricks for Making Perfect Turnovers
Here are a few tips and tricks to help you achieve flaky, buttery, and crispy turnovers:
- Use cold ingredients: Cold butter and ice-cold water are essential for creating a flaky pastry crust.
- Don’t overwork the dough: Mix the dough just until it comes together in a ball, and avoid over-kneading or over-rolling.
- Use the right filling: Choose fillings that are not too wet or too dry, and that complement the flavor of the pastry.
- Seal the edges carefully: Use a fork to crimp the edges and create a decorative border, and make sure the filling is completely sealed inside.
Conclusion: Turnovers are a Delicious and Versatile Pastry
Turnovers are a delicious and versatile pastry that can be enjoyed at any time of day, whether as a sweet snack or a savory meal. With their flaky, buttery crust and wide range of fillings, turnovers are a treat that can be enjoyed by people of all ages and backgrounds. Whether you’re a seasoned baker or a curious foodie, turnovers are definitely worth trying – and with this guide, you’ll be well on your way to creating your own delicious turnovers from scratch!
What is the origin of turnovers in food?
The origin of turnovers in food dates back to the Middle Ages in Europe, where pastry cooks would layer dough and fillings to create a flaky and buttery treat. The term “turnover” comes from the Old French word “tourner,” meaning “to turn,” which refers to the process of folding and turning the dough to create the signature layers. Over time, the concept of turnovers spread throughout Europe and was adapted by different cultures, resulting in a variety of fillings and cooking methods.
Today, turnovers can be found in many forms, from sweet pastries filled with fruit or chocolate to savory snacks filled with meat or cheese. The appeal of turnovers lies in their versatility and convenience, making them a popular choice for breakfast, snacks, or desserts. Whether you’re in a bakery, café, or at home, turnovers are a delicious and satisfying treat that’s hard to resist.
What makes turnovers flaky and buttery?
The flaky and buttery texture of turnovers is achieved through a process called laminating, where layers of dough and fat (usually butter) are rolled and folded together. This process creates a series of thin layers, which when baked, produce a flaky and crispy texture. The butter content also contributes to the richness and flavor of the pastry. When the dough is rolled and folded, the butter is distributed evenly throughout the layers, creating a tender and flaky crust.
The ratio of butter to flour is crucial in achieving the perfect flaky texture. Too little butter, and the pastry will be tough and dense; too much, and it will be greasy and fragile. Skilled pastry chefs understand the importance of this ratio and carefully balance the ingredients to create a delicate and buttery crust. The result is a pastry that’s both crispy and tender, with a rich and indulgent flavor.
What are some common filling options for turnovers?
Turnovers can be filled with a wide range of sweet and savory ingredients, depending on personal preferences and cultural traditions. Some popular filling options include fruit preserves, nuts, chocolate chips, and cream cheese. Savory fillings might include meat, cheese, herbs, and spices. In some cultures, turnovers are filled with ingredients like sausage, bacon, or eggs, making them a satisfying breakfast or snack.
The choice of filling often depends on the occasion and the desired flavor profile. For example, a strawberry or blueberry filling might be perfect for a sweet treat, while a spinach and feta filling might be better suited for a savory snack. The versatility of turnovers allows for endless combinations of ingredients, making them a popular choice for parties, gatherings, or everyday meals.
Can turnovers be made at home?
Yes, turnovers can be made at home with a little practice and patience. While it may take some time to master the laminating process, the end result is well worth the effort. To make turnovers at home, you’ll need a few basic ingredients, including flour, butter, and your chosen filling. You’ll also need a rolling pin and a pastry brush to help you achieve the perfect layers.
With a little practice, you can create delicious and flaky turnovers in the comfort of your own kitchen. You can experiment with different fillings and flavor combinations to create unique and personalized treats. Whether you’re a seasoned baker or a beginner, making turnovers at home can be a fun and rewarding experience that’s sure to impress friends and family.
Are turnovers a healthy snack option?
Turnovers can be a relatively high-calorie snack due to their butter content and potential sugar fillings. However, they can also be a healthier option depending on the ingredients and fillings used. For example, using whole wheat flour and natural sweeteners like honey or maple syrup can make turnovers a relatively healthier choice.
Additionally, turnovers can be made in smaller sizes to reduce portion sizes and calorie intake. You can also experiment with healthier fillings like fruit or nuts to increase the nutritional value of your turnovers. While they may not be the healthiest snack option, turnovers can be a relatively guilt-free treat when made with mindful ingredients and portion control.
Can turnovers be frozen and reheated?
Yes, turnovers can be frozen and reheated for later use. In fact, freezing can help preserve the flaky texture and buttery flavor of the pastry. To freeze turnovers, simply place them on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper and place in the freezer until solid. Once frozen, transfer the turnovers to an airtight container or freezer bag for storage.
To reheat frozen turnovers, simply place them in the oven at a moderate temperature (around 350°F) for 10-15 minutes, or until golden brown and crispy. You can also reheat them in a microwave or toaster oven, but be careful not to overheat or burn the pastry. Frozen turnovers are a great option for meal prep or for making ahead of time for parties or gatherings.
What are some creative ways to serve turnovers?
Turnovers can be served in a variety of creative ways, from sweet treats to savory snacks. One popular option is to serve them as a dessert, topped with whipped cream or ice cream. You can also dust them with powdered sugar or cinnamon for added flavor and texture.
For a more savory option, consider serving turnovers as a side dish or appetizer. You can pair them with soups, salads, or main courses, or serve them as a standalone snack. You can also get creative with toppings, such as serving them with a dollop of sour cream or a sprinkle of chopped herbs. The versatility of turnovers makes them a great option for any meal or occasion.